Title: Endocrine / Physiology

Q: ADH function:
A: 1. Increase water permeability of distal convoluted tubule.
2. Collecting duct cells in kidney to increase water reabsorption.

Q: CRH function:
A: - Increase ACTH
- Increase MSH
- Increase β-endorphin

Q: Dopamine function:
A: - Decrease prolactin
- Decrease TSH

Q: GHRH function:
A: - Increase GH

Q: GnRH function:
A: - Increase FSH
- Increase LH

Q: MSH function:
A: Increase melanogenesis by melanocytes

Q: Oxytocin function:
A: 1. Causes uterine contractions during labor.
2. Responsible for milk letdown reflex in response to suckling.

Q: Prolactin function:
A: 1. Decrease GnRH
2. Stimulates lactogenesis

Q: Somatostatin function:
A: - Decrease GH
- Decrease TSH

Q: TRH function:
A: - Increase TSH
- Increase prolactin

Q: Alcohol consumption > [...] ADH secretion > polyuria and dehydration
A: Decrease

Q: CRH [...] in chronic glucocorticoid use.
A: decrease

Q: Dopamine also called [...]
A: prolactin-inhibiting factor

Q: Dopamine antagonists (eg. [...]) can cause [...] due to [...].
A: antipsychotics; galactorrhea; hyperprolactinemia

Q: Analog (tesamorelin) used to treat
[...]
A: HIV‑associated lipodystrophy
Back Extra: GHRH

Q: GnRH suppressed by [...].
A: hyperprolactinemia

Q: Tonic GnRH analog (eg, [...]) suppresses [...].
A: leuprolide; hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis

Q: [...] leads to puberty, fertility.
A: Pulsatile GnRH

MSH causes hyperpigmentation in Cushing disease, as MSH and ACTH share the same precursor molecule proopiomelanocortin.

Q: [...] modulates fear, anxiety, social bonding, mood, and depression.
A: Oxytocin

Pituitary prolactinoma > amenorrhea,
osteoporosis, hypogonadism, galactorrhea

Q: Breastfeeding > [...] prolactin > [...] GnRH > delayed postpartum ovulation (natural contraception)
A: increase; decrease

Q: Somatostatin also called [...].
A: growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH)

Increase TRH (eg, in 1°/2° hypothyroidism) may increase prolactin secretion > galactorrhea.